What Are DMARDs? How These Arthritis Medications Work to Protect Your Joints
When it comes to treating inflammatory arthritis—like rheumatoid arthritis (RA), psoriatic arthritis, or lupus—DMARDs (Disease-Modifying Antirheumatic Drugs) play a pivotal role. Unlike pain relievers or anti-inflammatories that simply ease symptoms, DMARDs target the underlying disease process to help prevent long-term joint damage and improve quality of life.
How DMARDs Work
DMARDs work by modulating the immune system. In autoimmune diseases, the immune system mistakenly attacks healthy joints, causing inflammation and structural damage. DMARDs slow down or alter this immune response, which can:
Reduce inflammation and pain
Slow or stop joint damage
Help maintain daily function and mobility
Improve quality of life for patients
Types of DMARDs
Conventional DMARDs
Examples: Methotrexate, hydroxychloroquine, sulfasalazine, leflunomide
These have been used for decades and are often the first line of treatment. These are typical first prescribed for patients.Biologic DMARDs
Made from living cells and target specific immune molecules. Examples: Etanercept, adalimumab, infliximab
These are engineered proteins that target specific parts of the immune system, such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF).Targeted Synthetic small molecule DMARDs
Examples: Tofacitinib, baricitinib
These newer medications block specific immune pathways inside cells (e.g., JAK inhibitors).
Why Early Treatment Matters
Starting DMARD therapy early can make a significant difference. It can prevent irreversible joint damage, reduce flares, and improve long-term outcomes. Regular monitoring is essential, as these medications can affect the liver, immune system, or blood counts.
Studies have shown that earlier treatment with DMARD therapy, can reduce symptoms and improve quality of life for patients.
✅ Always discuss the risks, benefits, and monitoring plan with your rheumatologist before starting or changing any DMARD therapy.